what does a social security card to work look like

Nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens and permanent residents

In the Us, a Social Security number (SSN) is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents nether department 205(c)(two) of the Social Security Act, codified every bit 42 The statesC. § 405(c)(2). The number is issued to an individual by the Social Security Administration, an contained bureau of the U.s. government. Although the original purpose for the number was for the Social Security Administration to runway individuals,^[1] the Social Security number has become a de facto national identification number for tax and other purposes.^[2]

A Social Security number may be obtained by applying on Grade SS-five, Awarding for a Social Security Number Bill of fare.^[3]

History [edit]

Social Security numbers were commencement issued past the Social Security Administration in Nov 1935 as part of the New Deal Social Security program. Within three months, 25 1000000 numbers were issued.^[4]

On Nov 24, 1936, ane,074 of the nation's 45,000 post offices were designated "typing centers" to type upwardly Social Security cards that were then sent to Washington, D.C. On Dec 1, 1936, as part of the publicity entrada for the new program, Joseph L. Fay of the Social Security Administration selected a record from the height of the outset stack of ane,000 records and announced that the first Social Security number in history was assigned to John David Sweeney, Jr., of New Rochelle, New York. All the same, since the Social Security numbers were not assigned in chronological club, Sweeney did not receive the lowest Social Security number, 001-01-0001. That distinction belongs to Grace D. Owen of Concord, New Hampshire.^{[v] [six]}

Before 1986, people often did non obtain a Social Security number until the age of near 14,^[7] since the numbers were used for income tracking purposes, and those nether that age seldom had substantial income.^[eight] The Taxation Reform Act of 1986 required parents to list Social Security numbers for each dependent over the age of 5 for whom the parent wanted to claim a taxation deduction.^[9] Before this human action, parents claiming tax deductions were simply trusted not to lie about the number of children they supported. During the start yr of the Tax Reform Act, this anti-fraud change resulted in vii million fewer minor dependents being claimed. The disappearance of these dependents is believed to have involved either children who never existed or revenue enhancement deductions improperly claimed past non-custodial parents.^[10] In 1988, the threshold was lowered to two years onetime, and in 1990, the threshold was lowered yet once again to ane yr sometime.^[11] Today, an SSN is required regardless of the child'due south historic period to receive an exemption.^{[ citation needed ]} Since then, parents take often applied for Social Security numbers for their children soon afterwards birth; today, information technology tin be washed on the application for a birth certificate.^[12]

Purpose and use [edit]

The original purpose of this number was to track individuals' accounts within the Social Security program. It has since come up to exist used every bit an identifier for individuals within the U.s., although rare errors occur where duplicates practice exist. A few duplications did occur when prenumbered cards were sent out to regional SSA offices and (originally) post offices.

Employee, patient, pupil, and credit records are sometimes indexed by Social Security number.

The U.South. Armed Forces have used the Social Security number as an identification number for Army and Air Forcefulness personnel since July 1, 1969, the Navy and Marine Corps for their personnel since January 1, 1972, and the Coast Guard for their personnel since October ane, 1974.^[13] Previously, the United States military used a much more complicated system of service numbers that varied by service.

Beginning in June 2011, the DOD began removing the Social Security number from armed services identification cards, replacing them with a unique DOD identification number, formally known as the EDIPI.^[14]

Not-universal status [edit]

An onetime Social Security card with the "not for identification" message

Social Security was originally a universal tax, only when Medicare was passed in 1965, objecting religious groups in existence prior to 1951 were immune to opt out of the organization.^[15] Considering of this, not every American is office of the Social Security program, and not everyone has a number. All the same, a Social Security number is required for parents to claim their children as dependents for federal income tax purposes,^[12] and the Internal Revenue Service requires all corporations to obtain SSNs (or alternative identifying numbers) from their employees, every bit described beneath. The Onetime Order Amish have fought to prevent universal Social Security by overturning rules such as a requirement to provide a Social Security number for a hunting license.^[16]

Social Security cards printed from January 1946 until January 1972 expressly stated that people should not utilize the number and card for identification.^[17] Since nearly everyone in the United states at present has an SSN, information technology became user-friendly to use it anyway and the message was removed.^[xviii]

Since then, Social Security numbers have become de facto national identification numbers.^[2] Although some people do not have an SSN assigned to them, it is becoming increasingly difficult to engage in legitimate financial activities such as applying for a loan or a banking concern account without 1.^[19] While the government cannot crave an individual to disembalm their SSN without a legal basis, companies may pass up to provide service to an individual who does not provide an SSN.^{[xx] [21]} The card on which an SSN is issued is still not suitable for primary identification as information technology has no photo, no concrete description, and no nascence date. All it does is confirm that a particular number has been issued to a particular proper name. Instead, a driver'due south license or country ID card is used every bit an identification for adults.

Employ required for federal tax purposes [edit]

Social Security carte with fable "for Social Security and tax purposes" (1961)

Internal Revenue Lawmaking department 6109(d) provides: "The social security business relationship number issued to an individual for purposes of section 205(c)(2)(A) of the Social Security Act [codified as 42 U.S.C. § 405(c)(2)(A)] shall, except as shall otherwise be specified under regulations of the Secretarial assistant [of the Treasury or his delegate], be used as the identifying number for such individual for purposes of this title [the Internal Revenue Code, title 26 of the United States Code]."^[22]

The Internal Revenue Code also provides, when required by regulations prescribed by the secretarial assistant of the treasury or their delegate:

• Inclusion in returns: Whatsoever person required under the authority of this title to make a render, statement, or other document shall include in such return, statement, or other document such identifying number as may exist prescribed for securing proper identification of such person.
• Furnishing number to other persons: Any person with respect to whom a render, statement, or other document is required under the authority of this title to be made by another person or whose identifying number is required to be shown on a return of another person shall furnish to such other person such identifying number as may exist prescribed for securing their proper identification.^[23]

According to U.S. Treasury regulations, any person who, after October 31, 1962, works as an employee for wages subject to Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes, or U.S. federal income revenue enhancement withholdings is required to apply for "an account number" using Course SS-5.^[24]

A taxpayer who is not eligible to have a Social Security number must obtain an alternative Taxpayer Identification Number.

[edit]

Four different classifications of Social Security cards are issued. Such cards are issued past geographic location (SSN Area Number) to:

1. persons of natural nascence within the territorial boundaries of any one of the member States of the Us of America;
2. persons who become U.South. citizens past adjuration, or nascence within the exclusive legislative or territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. government;
3. persons who get U.South. permanent residents;
4. persons with certain restrictions.

There are two restricted types of Social Security cards:

• One reads "not valid for employment." Such cards cannot be used equally proof of piece of work authorization, and are not adequate as a List C document on the I-9 class.
• The other reads "valid for work only with DHS dominance", or the older, "valid for work only with INS authorization." These cards are issued to people who accept temporary work dominance in the U.Southward from the Department of Homeland Security -- the nation's border agency. They can satisfy the I-ix requirement, if they are accompanied by a piece of work authorization menu.

The cards commonly display the cardholder's name and number.

In 2004 Congress passed The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Human action; parts of which mandated that the Social Security Administration redesign the SSN card to forestall forgery. From Apr 2006 through August 2007, the SSA and Government Printing Role (GPO) employees were assigned to redesign the Social Security number carte to the specifications of the Interagency Job Force created by the commissioner of Social Security in consultation with the secretary of Homeland Security.

The new SSN card design utilizes both covert and overt security features created by the SSA and GPO blueprint teams.

Identity theft [edit]

Many citizens and privacy advocates are concerned about the disclosure and processing of Social Security numbers. Furthermore, researchers at Carnegie Mellon Academy have demonstrated an algorithm that uses publicly bachelor personal data to reconstruct a given SSN.^[25]

The SSN is often used by those involved in identity theft. This is because it is interconnected with many other forms of identification and people asking for it treat it as an authenticator. Financial institutions by and large crave an SSN to fix bank accounts, credit cards, and loans—partly considering they assume that no one except the person information technology was issued to knows it.

Exacerbating the problem of using the Social Security number as an identifier is the fact that the Social Security carte du jour contains no biometric identifiers of any sort, making information technology essentially impossible to tell whether a person using a certain SSN truly belongs to someone without relying on other documentation (which may itself have been falsely procured through use of the fraudulent SSN). Congress has proposed federal laws that restrict the use of SSNs for identification and bans their employ for a number of commercial purposes—e.thou., rental applications.^[26]

The Internal Acquirement Service (IRS) offers alternatives to SSNs in some places where providing untrusted parties with identification numbers is essential. Tax return preparers must obtain and use a Preparer Taxation Identification Number (PTIN) to include on their client'southward taxation returns (as function of signature requirements).^[27] Day care services have revenue enhancement benefits, and even a sole proprietor should give parents an EIN (employer identification number) to use on their tax return.

The Social Security Administration has suggested that, if asked to provide their Social Security number, a citizen should ask which law requires its utilise.^[28] In accord with §7213 of the ix/xi Commission Implementation Human action of 2004 and twenty CFR 422.103, the number of replacement Social Security cards per person is generally limited to iii per calendar year and ten in a lifetime.^[28]

Identity confusion has besides occurred because of the utilize of local Social Security numbers by the Federated states of micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall islands, and the Republic of Palau, whose numbers overlap with those of residents of New Hampshire and Maine.^[29]

Similarly, Social Security numbers are often valued information for hackers to gain in attacks such as social engineering attacks, where attackers try and dispense people into disclosing private information. For instance, in the social engineering attack involving Hewlett-Packard, executives hired private investigators to manipulate phone companies into disclosing calling data and social security numbers of employees they suspected were leaking information to the press.

Replacement numbers [edit]

A person tin request a new Social Security number, but only under sure conditions:^[thirty]

• Where sequential numbers assigned to members of the same family unit are causing problems.
• In the event of duplicates having been issued.
• In cases where the person has been a victim of domestic violence or harassment, and there is a clear need to alter their number for their personal safety.^[31]
• When a person has been a victim of identity theft, and his/her Social Security number continues to be problematic.
• Where a person has a demonstrable religious objection to a number (such as certain Christians beingness averse to the number 666).

For all of these conditions, credible 3rd-party evidence such as a restraining club or police report is required.

Construction [edit]

The Social Security number is a nine-digit number in the format "AAA-GG-SSSS".^[32] The number is divided into 3 parts: the starting time iii digits, known as the expanse number considering they were formerly assigned by geographical region; the middle two digits, known as the group number; and the concluding iv digits, known every bit the series number.

On June 25, 2011, the SSA changed the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization".^[33] SSN randomization affected the SSN assignment process in the following ways:

• It eliminated the geographical significance of the outset iii digits of the SSN, referred to as the expanse number, past no longer allocating specific numbers by state for assignment to individuals.
• It eliminated the significance of the highest group number assigned for each surface area number, and, every bit a result, the Loftier Group List is frozen in time and can exist used for validation of just those SSNs issued prior to the randomization implementation date.
• Previously unassigned surface area numbers have been introduced for consignment, excluding area numbers 000, 666 and 900–999.

Because Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs) are issued by the IRS, they were not afflicted by this SSA change.

Historical structure [edit]

Prior to the 2011 randomization procedure, the beginning three digits or expanse numbers were assigned by geographical region. Prior to 1973, cards were issued in local Social Security offices around the country and the area number represented the office code where the carte du jour was issued. This did not necessarily have to be in the area where the bidder lived, since a person could apply for their bill of fare in any Social Security part. Beginning in 1973, when the SSA began assigning SSNs and issuing cards centrally from Baltimore, the surface area number was assigned based on the ZIP Code in the mailing accost provided on the application for the original Social Security carte du jour. The applicant'southward mailing address did non take to exist the aforementioned as their place of residence. Thus, the area number did not necessarily represent the land of residence of the bidder regardless of whether the card was issued prior to, or after, 1973.

Mostly, numbers were assigned offset in the northeast and moving south and w, so that people applying from addresses on the east declension had the everyman numbers and those on the w coast had the highest numbers. As the areas assigned to a locality were wearied, new areas from the pool were assigned, and then some states had noncontiguous groups of numbers.

The middle two digits or group number range from 01 to 99. Even before SSN randomization, the group numbers were not assigned consecutively within an surface area. Instead, for administrative reasons, grouping numbers were issued in the following social club:^[34]

1. odd numbers from 01 through 09
2. even numbers from 10 through 98
3. even numbers from 02 through 08
4. odd numbers from xi through 99

As an instance, group number 98 would be issued before xi.

The last 4 digits, which are series numbers, "are the almost important to protect" and they tin "open credit in your name, steal your money" and more.^[35] Before SSN randomization took effect, they represented a directly numerical sequence of digits from 0001 to 9999 inside the group.

Valid SSNs [edit]

Prior to June 25, 2011, a valid SSN could not have an area number between 734 and 749, or higher up 772, the highest surface area number the Social Security Administration had allocated. Effective June 25, 2011, the SSA assigns SSNs randomly and allows for the assignment of area numbers between 734 and 749 and above 772 through the 800s.^[36] This should not be confused with Revenue enhancement Identification Numbers (TINs), which include additional area numbers.^[37]

Some special numbers are never allocated:

• Numbers with all zeros in whatever digit grouping (000-##-####, ###-00-####, ###-##-0000).^{[38] [39]}
• Numbers with 666 or 900–999 (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) in the first digit group.^[38]

Until 2011, the SSA published the last group number used for each surface area number.^[40] Since group numbers were allocated in a regular pattern, it was possible to place an unissued SSN that independent an invalid grouping number. Now numbers are assigned randomly, and fraudulent SSNs are non easily detectable with publicly available information. Many online services, however, provide SSN validation.

Unlike many similar numbers, no check digit is included.

Exhaustion and re-use [edit]

The Social Security Administration does not reuse Social Security numbers. It has issued over 450 meg since the start of the program, and at a use rate of nearly five.5 million per year. It says it has enough to terminal several generations without reuse or irresolute the number of digits.^[41] However, at that place accept been instances where multiple individuals have been inadvertently assigned the aforementioned Social Security number.^[42]

SSNs used in advertisement [edit]

Some SSNs used in ad have rendered those numbers invalid. One famous instance of this occurred in 1938 when the E. H. Ferree Visitor in Lockport, New York, decided to promote its production past showing how a Social Security card would fit into its wallets. A sample card, used for display purposes, was placed in each wallet, which was sold by Woolworth and other department stores across the country; the wallet manufacturer's vice president and treasurer Douglas Patterson used the actual SSN of his secretarial assistant, Hilda Schrader Whitcher.

Even though the card was printed in red (the existent menu is printed in blue) and had "specimen" printed across the front, many people used Whitcher's SSN as their own. The Social Security Administration's account of the incident also claims that the false card was half the size of a real carte du jour, despite a miniature card being useless for its purpose and despite Whitcher's holding two cards of plainly identical size in the accompanying photo. Over time, the number that appeared (078-05-1120) has been claimed by a total of over 40,000 people as their ain.^[43] The SSA initiated an advertising campaign stating that it was incorrect to utilize the number (Hilda Whitcher was issued a new SSN). However, the number was institute to be in use past 12 individuals as late every bit 1977.^[43]

More recently, Todd Davis distributed his SSN in advertisements for his visitor'southward LifeLock identity theft protection service, which allowed his identity to be stolen over a dozen times.^{[44] [45]}

[edit]

List showing the geographical location of the first three digits of the Social Security numbers assigned in the United States and its territories from 1973 until June 25, 2011. Repeated numbers signal that they have been transferred to another location or they're shared by more than one location.

On June 25, 2011, the SSA changed the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization".^[46] SSN randomization affects the SSN assignment process. Amidst its changes, it eliminates the geographical significance of the showtime three digits of the SSN, previously referred to as the Area Number, by no longer allocating the Expanse Numbers for assignment to individuals in specific states.

SSN surface area number	Location[47]
001–003	New Hampshire
004–007	Maine
008–009	Vermont
010–034	Massachusetts
035–039	Rhode Island
040–049	Connecticut
050–134	New York
135–158	New Jersey
159–211	Pennsylvania
212–220	Maryland
221–222	Delaware
223–231	Virginia
232–236	Due west Virginia
232, 237–246	North Carolina
247–251	Due south Carolina
252–260	Georgia
261–267	Florida
268–302	Ohio
303–317	Indiana
318–361	Illinois
362–386	Michigan
387–399	Wisconsin
400–407	Kentucky
408–415	Tennessee
416–424	Alabama
425–428	Mississippi
429–432	Arkansas
433–439	Louisiana
440–448	Oklahoma
449–467	Texas
468–477	Minnesota
478–485	Iowa
486–500	Missouri
501–502	North Dakota
503–504	Southward Dakota
505–508	Nebraska
509–515	Kansas
516–517	Montana
518–519	Idaho
520	Wyoming
521–524	Colorado
525, 585	New Mexico
526–527	Arizona
528–529	Utah
530, 680	Nevada
531–539	Washington
540–544	Oregon
545–573	California
574	Alaska
575–576	Hawaii
577–579	Commune of Columbia
580	U.Southward. Virgin Islands
580–584	Puerto Rico
586	Pacific Sea territories Guam American Samoa Philippine Islands (under U.South. rule until 1946) Northern Mariana Islands
587–665	California (Southern California and the Central Valley) & U.s. Military Bases Worldwide
676–679	Not issued
700–728	Railroad Retirement Board (discontinued July 1, 1963)
729–730	Enumeration at entry
750-751	Hawaii
752-755	Mississippi
756-763	Tennessee
764-765	Arizona
766-772	Florida

See also [edit]

• Decease Master File
• National identification number
• Personally identifiable information

References [edit]

1. ^ Pickett, Carolyn (2009). "The Story of the Social Security Number". Social Security Message. Vol. 69, no. 2. United States Social Security Assistants. Retrieved Oct nineteen, 2018.
2. ^ ^{a b} Kouri, Jim (March nine, 2005). "Social Security Cards: De Facto National Identification". American Chronicle. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
3. ^ 20 CFR 422.103(b)
4. ^ "Social Security: Chronology". United states of america Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
5. ^ "The "First" Social Security Number; The Lowest Number". Social Security History. United States Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
6. ^ "Starting time Applicant on Pension Listing". Ogden Standard Examiner. Ogden, Utah. December 2, 1936. p. 8. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
7. ^ Long, Wayne Southward. (Bound 1993). "Social Security Numbers Issued: A 20-Twelvemonth Review" (PDF). Social Security Journal. 56 (1): 82. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
8. ^ Goldberg, Jack (October 17, 1993). "A strategy for assembling samples of adult twin pairs in the U.s.". Statistics in Medicine. 12 (18): 1693–1702. doi:10.1002/sim.4780121805. PMID 8248662. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
9. ^ "Tax Reform Act of 1986". Social Security History. United states of america Social Security Assistants. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
10. ^ Liebman, Jeffrey B. (December 2000). "Who Are the Ineligible EITC Recipients?" (PDF). National Revenue enhancement Journal. 53 (iv): 1165–1186. doi:10.17310/ntj.2000.4S1.06. JSTOR 41789513. S2CID 35405024.
11. ^ "Social Security Number Chronology". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October xix, 2018.
12. ^ ^{a b} "Social Security Numbers For Children". Social Security Assistants. Dec 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
13. ^ "Service Numbers and Social Security Numbers". National Athenaeum. 2016-08-fifteen. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
14. ^ Garamone, Jim (April 4, 2011). "DOD removes SSAN from ID cards". U.South. Ground forces . Retrieved Oct xix, 2018.
15. ^ ""Pay Unto Caesar": The Amish & Social Security". AmishNews.com. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
16. ^ "Amish decline giving Social Security numbers to get licenses". The Chippewa Herald. August 30, 1999. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
17. ^ "Version History". Social Security History. Usa Social Security Administration. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
18. ^ Pear, Robert (July 26, 1998). "The Nation; Not for Identification Purposes (Merely Kidding)". The New York Times . Retrieved October 19, 2018.
19. ^ "Social Security Number Not Required". Scribd.com. Apr 29, 2008. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
20. ^ Mullen, Charles H. (March 18, 1998). "Letter to Mr. Scott McDonald". Office of Public Enquiries, Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
21. ^ "Can I refuse to give my Social Security number to a private business organisation?". Ofttimes Asked Questions. United States Social Security Administration. May 18, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
22. ^ 26 U.s.a.C. § 6109(d)
23. ^ 26 U.S.C. § 6109(a)
24. ^ 26 C.F.R. sec. 31.6011(b)-two(a)(i)(2)
25. ^ Timmer, John (July 17, 2009). "New algorithm guesses SSNs using date and identify of birth". Ars Technica. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
26. ^ Broache, Anne. "Congress may slap restrictions on SSN employ - CNET News". News.cnet.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-xi. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
27. ^ "PTIN Requirements for Tax Return Preparers | Internal Revenue Service". www.irs.gov . Retrieved 2021-02-20 .
28. ^ ^{a b} "Your Social Security Number And Menu, "How can I protect my Social Security number?"". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
29. ^ Meyer, Neb (Baronial 17, 2009). "How many Americans' Social Security numbers were officially duplicated for Pacific islanders?". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved October xix, 2018.
30. ^ "Can I alter my Social Security number?". Social Security Assistants . Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
31. ^ "New Numbers for Domestic Violence Victims" (PDF). Social Security Administration . Retrieved October 19, 2018.
32. ^
33. ^ "Social Security Number Randomization". Socialsecurity.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
34. ^ "The SSN Numbering Scheme". SocialSecurity.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
35. ^ "Did you know…? The terminal iv digits of your Social Security ..."
36. ^ "Social Security Number Allocations". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
37. ^ "Taxpayer Identification Numbers (TIN)". Internal Revenue Service. May 2, 2018. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
38. ^ ^{a b} "Social Security Number Randomization". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
39. ^ "RM 10201.035 Invalid Social Security Numbers (SSNs)". Program Operations Manual System (POMS). United States Social Security Assistants. June 23, 2011. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
40. ^ "High Group List And Other Ways To Determine If An SSN Is Valid". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
41. ^ "Q20: Are Social Security numbers reused after a person dies?". Us Social Security Assistants. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
42. ^ Noyes, Katherine (November 12, 2015). "A tale of two women: same birthday, same Social Security number, same big-data mess". PC World. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
43. ^ ^{a b} "Social Security Cards Issued by Woolworth". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
44. ^ Zetter, Kim (May 18, 2010). "LifeLock CEO'southward Identity Stolen xiii Times". Wired . Retrieved October 19, 2018.
45. ^ Vijayan, Jaikumar (May 19, 2010). "LifeLock CEO said to exist victim of identity theft 13 times". ComputerWorld . Retrieved October 19, 2018.
46. ^ "Social Security Number Randomization". SocialSecurity.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
47. ^ "Social Security Number Allocations". www.ssa.gov . Retrieved October 19, 2018.

External links [edit]

• Social Security Administration
• United States Social Security Decease Index—Database listing over 85 1000000 SSNs, all of which entered the public domain upon the expiry of their owners
• "Woolworth SSN Menu"—"The background of the most misused Social Security number in history" at Snopes
• Social Security Cards Issued by Woolworth: "The nearly misused SSN of all time was (078-05-1120)."
• Complete listing of expanse number groups from the Social Security Assistants
• Social Security Administration's FAQ for Social Security Numbers
• Social Security carte application
• Hearing on Removing Social Security Numbers from Medicare Cards—Joint Hearing earlier the Subcommittee on Social Security and Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Means and Means, U.Due south. House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, Baronial 1, 2012
• How to Replace a Lost or Stolen Security Card
• Puckett, Carolyn (2009). "The Story of the Social Security Number". Social Security Message. 69 (2): 55–74. PMID 19697506. Retrieved October 19, 2018. (PDF version)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_number

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